Obj Type C:
1-10: BABDCDAADA
11-20: DAAEDDAEDC
21-30: CCEDADBBBB
31-40: ADCADDDEBB
41-50: CADCBABABC
51-60: BDECDDCCBA
1-10: BABDCDAADA
11-20: DAAEDDAEDC
21-30: CCEDADBBBB
31-40: ADCADDDEBB
41-50: CADCBABABC
51-60: BDECDDCCBA
OBJ TYPE D
1-10: CDAAAEABAE
11-20: DDCACDCCAA
21-30: EED - ADBCAE
31-40: DBADDCADAA
41-50: ACBDAADDCB
51-60: ECCDECBBCD
1-10: CDAAAEABAE
11-20: DDCACDCCAA
21-30: EED - ADBCAE
31-40: DBADDCADAA
41-50: ACBDAADDCB
51-60: ECCDECBBCD
OBJ TYPE A
1-10: AEDBAEABCD
11-20: AACCAAEAAE
21-30: AADDBBADAA
31-40: DABADDACAD
41-50: ADBCEED – BB
51-60: ADCDEDCDED
1-10: AEDBAEABCD
11-20: AACCAAEAAE
21-30: AADDBBADAA
31-40: DABADDACAD
41-50: ADBCEED – BB
51-60: ADCDEDCDED
OBJ TYPE C (Alternative)
1B -The collision between the gas molecules
2A -1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5
3B -negatively charged ion
4D -High pressures
5C -40
6D -I^-(aq)
7A -addition reaction
8A -can reach completion and by changing the conditions can go back to give the starting substances as products
9D -K^+10A -calcium hydrogen trioxocarbonate(iv)is decomposed by heat
11D -Monoclinic
12D -Tetraoxosulphate(vi)acid
13A -chromatography
14E -separating funnel
15D -Have the same number of valence electrons
16D -The distance between the comparison
17A -acid
18E -SO4^2-
19D -2.24
20C -210.2
21C -oxidation
22C -benzophenol
23E -methyl propanoate
24D -zinc
25A -cooordiate covalent
26D -increase
27B -16.2
28B -beryllium and boron
29B -m proportional as It
30B -electrons
31A -hydrogen and chlorine
32D -(-15)
33C -oxidation power
34A -H2S
35D -oxidation number
36D -iron
37D -6
38E -thermal oxidation
39B -150
40B -boyle’s
41C -nature reactants
42A -H2O(l)->H2O(s)
43D -hydrogenation
44C -C4H10
45B -calcium
46A -brass
47B -carbon
48A -K2CO3
49B -32
50C -lactic
51B -monobasic
52D -Trioxonitrate(V)
53E -(238)(92)U
54C -helium
55D -54
56D -lithosphere
57C -efflorescence
58C -2,3-dimethylhexane
59B -glucose
60A -fructose
==================================
(No1)
-Physical changes only change the appearance of a substance, not its chemical composition.
-it’s process that does not cause a substance to become a fundamentally different substance.
-It involves physical changes.
-Examples : dissolving sugar in water (sugar molecules are dispersed within the water, but the individual sugar molecules are unchanged.)
-Boiling water (water molecules are forced away from each other when the liquid changes to vapor, but the molecules are still water.
1B -The collision between the gas molecules
2A -1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5
3B -negatively charged ion
4D -High pressures
5C -40
6D -I^-(aq)
7A -addition reaction
8A -can reach completion and by changing the conditions can go back to give the starting substances as products
9D -K^+10A -calcium hydrogen trioxocarbonate(iv)is decomposed by heat
11D -Monoclinic
12D -Tetraoxosulphate(vi)acid
13A -chromatography
14E -separating funnel
15D -Have the same number of valence electrons
16D -The distance between the comparison
17A -acid
18E -SO4^2-
19D -2.24
20C -210.2
21C -oxidation
22C -benzophenol
23E -methyl propanoate
24D -zinc
25A -cooordiate covalent
26D -increase
27B -16.2
28B -beryllium and boron
29B -m proportional as It
30B -electrons
31A -hydrogen and chlorine
32D -(-15)
33C -oxidation power
34A -H2S
35D -oxidation number
36D -iron
37D -6
38E -thermal oxidation
39B -150
40B -boyle’s
41C -nature reactants
42A -H2O(l)->H2O(s)
43D -hydrogenation
44C -C4H10
45B -calcium
46A -brass
47B -carbon
48A -K2CO3
49B -32
50C -lactic
51B -monobasic
52D -Trioxonitrate(V)
53E -(238)(92)U
54C -helium
55D -54
56D -lithosphere
57C -efflorescence
58C -2,3-dimethylhexane
59B -glucose
60A -fructose
==================================
(No1)
-Physical changes only change the appearance of a substance, not its chemical composition.
-it’s process that does not cause a substance to become a fundamentally different substance.
-It involves physical changes.
-Examples : dissolving sugar in water (sugar molecules are dispersed within the water, but the individual sugar molecules are unchanged.)
-Boiling water (water molecules are forced away from each other when the liquid changes to vapor, but the molecules are still water.
Chemical change characteristics
It’s a process that causes a substance to change into a new substance with a new chemical formula.
It’s a process that causes a substance to change into a new substance with a new chemical formula.
- It’s also a process involving the breaking or making of interatomic bonds and the transformation of a substance (or substances) into another
- Chemical changes cause a substance to change into an entirely substance with a new chemical formula
- Chemical changes are also known as chemical reactions. The “ingredients” of a reaction are called reactants, and the end results are called products.
- Chemical changes cause a substance to change into an entirely substance with a new chemical formula
- Chemical changes are also known as chemical reactions. The “ingredients” of a reaction are called reactants, and the end results are called products.
Examples: iron rusting (iron oxide forms) and bread rising (yeast converts carbohydrates into carbon dioxide gas)
(1ii)
GASES DENSER DAN AIR IS THROUGH DOWNWARD DELIVERY
ii)LESS dense,upward delivery Gases insoluble and less dense
-Collection by water
GASES DENSER DAN AIR IS THROUGH DOWNWARD DELIVERY
ii)LESS dense,upward delivery Gases insoluble and less dense
-Collection by water
(1ai)
Physical
– physical change is reversible
– No new substance is formed
Physical
– physical change is reversible
– No new substance is formed
Chemical
– chemical change is irreversible
– New substance is formed.
– chemical change is irreversible
– New substance is formed.
(1aii)
1. Downward delivery
2. Upward Delivery
3. Kipp Apparatus
1. Downward delivery
2. Upward Delivery
3. Kipp Apparatus
(1bi)
– Hydrochloric Acid
– Ammonia gas
– Hydrochloric Acid
– Ammonia gas
(1bii)
This due to their solubility
This due to their solubility
(1biii)
– A compound contains two or more substances chemically combined together
– A mixture contains two or more substances physically combined together
– A compound contains two or more substances chemically combined together
– A mixture contains two or more substances physically combined together
(1ci)
An isotope is a form of a chemical element whose atomic nucleus contains a specific number of neutron s, in addition to the number of proton s that uniquely defines the element.
The nuclei of most atom s contain neutrons as well as protons. (An exception is the common form of hydrogen, whose nucleus consists of a lone proton.)
Every chemical element has more than one isotope.
An isotope is a form of a chemical element whose atomic nucleus contains a specific number of neutron s, in addition to the number of proton s that uniquely defines the element.
The nuclei of most atom s contain neutrons as well as protons. (An exception is the common form of hydrogen, whose nucleus consists of a lone proton.)
Every chemical element has more than one isotope.
“Note: they are in tabulate form
The sign (,) means Next line”
The sign (,) means Next line”
(1cii)
=> Atomic Mass(x) | 35 , 37
=> R.abundance (f) | 75 25 = 100
=> Atomic by R.A(fx) | 2625 , 925
Total of (Fx) = 2625 925 = 3550 RAM = 3550/100
= 35.5
=> Atomic Mass(x) | 35 , 37
=> R.abundance (f) | 75 25 = 100
=> Atomic by R.A(fx) | 2625 , 925
Total of (Fx) = 2625 925 = 3550 RAM = 3550/100
= 35.5
(1ciii)
1. Chlorine gas
2. Sulphur(iv)oxide
3. Nitrogen(Iv)oxide
1. Chlorine gas
2. Sulphur(iv)oxide
3. Nitrogen(Iv)oxide
(1civ)
1. They have high melting and boiling point
2. They conduct electricity in molten or aqueous
===================================
2ai)
Ionization energy
1. They have high melting and boiling point
2. They conduct electricity in molten or aqueous
===================================
2ai)
Ionization energy
2aii)
Atomic radius
Atomic radius
2bii)
Given; nN2=0.64
nCO2=0.5
nO2=0.375
PT=PN2+PCO2+PO2
Molar mass of N2=14*2=28
Molar mass of CO2=12+16*2=44
Molar mass of O2=16*2=32
PN2=(nN2/(nN2+nCO2+nO2))PT
PN2=(0.64/(0.64+0.5+0.375))*760
PN2=(0.64/1.515)*760
PN2=321`mmHg
PCO2=(0.5/1.515)*760
=251mmHg
PO2=(0.375/1.515)*760
=188mmHg
Given; nN2=0.64
nCO2=0.5
nO2=0.375
PT=PN2+PCO2+PO2
Molar mass of N2=14*2=28
Molar mass of CO2=12+16*2=44
Molar mass of O2=16*2=32
PN2=(nN2/(nN2+nCO2+nO2))PT
PN2=(0.64/(0.64+0.5+0.375))*760
PN2=(0.64/1.515)*760
PN2=321`mmHg
PCO2=(0.5/1.515)*760
=251mmHg
PO2=(0.375/1.515)*760
=188mmHg
2aiii)
Ionization energy increases across the period because the number of electronic shell increases
Atomic radius increases because the number of increases
Ionization energy increases across the period because the number of electronic shell increases
Atomic radius increases because the number of increases
2aiv)
-Diffusion
-Brownian motion
-Osmosis
-Diffusion
-Brownian motion
-Osmosis
2ci)
The basicity of an acid is the number of replaceable hydrogen ion in one molecule of an acid.
The basicity of an acid is the number of replaceable hydrogen ion in one molecule of an acid.
2cii)
Tetyraoxosulphate(vi)acid is corrosive because its
concentrated form causes serious burnt
Tetyraoxosulphate(vi)acid is corrosive because its
concentrated form causes serious burnt
2ciii)
Acid salts-KHCO3
Basic salt-Na2CO3
Acid salts-KHCO3
Basic salt-Na2CO3
2di)
Deliquescence substance is a substance when exposed to the atmosphere absorb water from the atmosphere and suddenly turn to solution
Deliquescence substance is a substance when exposed to the atmosphere absorb water from the atmosphere and suddenly turn to solution
2dii)
Calcium
===============================
3a)
Diamond
-Diamond is tetrahedral in nature
-Diamond is the hardest substance
Graphite
-Graphite is a crystalline solid
-Graphite has a low melting point
Calcium
===============================
3a)
Diamond
-Diamond is tetrahedral in nature
-Diamond is the hardest substance
Graphite
-Graphite is a crystalline solid
-Graphite has a low melting point
3b)
-Limestone is used to produce the carbon(iv)oxide
-Ammonia is used as catalyst
-Limestone is used to produce the carbon(iv)oxide
-Ammonia is used as catalyst
3ci)
Heavy chemicals->Dye
Fine chemicals->H2SO4
Heavy chemicals->Dye
Fine chemicals->H2SO4
3cii)
I-The higher the surface area of reactants,the higher the rate of reaction. Reactants in powered form reacts faster than solid form
II-Catalyst helps to speed up the rate of chemical reaction
III-Temperature;The higher the temperature of reacting vessels,the higher the rate of reaction
I-The higher the surface area of reactants,the higher the rate of reaction. Reactants in powered form reacts faster than solid form
II-Catalyst helps to speed up the rate of chemical reaction
III-Temperature;The higher the temperature of reacting vessels,the higher the rate of reaction
3d)
-Because they have i8ncompletely filled 3d-orbital
-Because they exhibit co-ordinate bond between molecules
-Because they have magnetic domain
-Because they have i8ncompletely filled 3d-orbital
-Because they exhibit co-ordinate bond between molecules
-Because they have magnetic domain
3e)
-Natural gas;It is used for cooking
-Bitumen;It is used for candle wax
===================================
(5ai)
-Evaporation
-Combustion
-Carbon cycle
-Natural gas;It is used for cooking
-Bitumen;It is used for candle wax
===================================
(5ai)
-Evaporation
-Combustion
-Carbon cycle
(5aii)
I -Cathode is the negative electrode through which current enters. Anode is the positive electrode through which current leaves
II -Conductors are solids which allow the passage of electricity .Electrolytes are solutions which conduct electricity
III -Strong acid is the acid which ionizes completely in water. Concentrated acid is the acid which contains no water dilution
I -Cathode is the negative electrode through which current enters. Anode is the positive electrode through which current leaves
II -Conductors are solids which allow the passage of electricity .Electrolytes are solutions which conduct electricity
III -Strong acid is the acid which ionizes completely in water. Concentrated acid is the acid which contains no water dilution
(5bi)
Mass of copper(m)=MQ/nF
0.16=(63.5xQ)/(2x96500)
Q=(0.16x2x96500)/63.5
Q=486.30
Q=I x t
48i6.30=Ix(15x60)
I=486.30/900
I=0.54A
Mass of copper(m)=MQ/nF
0.16=(63.5xQ)/(2x96500)
Q=(0.16x2x96500)/63.5
Q=486.30
Q=I x t
48i6.30=Ix(15x60)
I=486.30/900
I=0.54A
(5bii)
Burning: oxygen is not required for burning while Rusting: oxygen is required for rusting
Burning: oxygen is not required for burning while Rusting: oxygen is required for rusting
(5biii)
- By electrolysis
- By putrification of ores
- By electrolysis
- By putrification of ores
(5ci)
Sulphur
Sulphur
(5cii)
-Bauxite
-Cryolite
-Bauxite
-Cryolite
5ciii)
-It speeds up the rate of chemical reaction
-It is not used up in reaction
-It speeds up the rate of chemical reaction
-It is not used up in reaction
================DONE==================
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